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Page Last Updated: January 31 2021
Ferns
15 species
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Matteuccia - also Pteretis
Species: Struthiopteris - also Pensylvanica
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - similar to Interrupted Fern (Osmunda claytonia -
does not have separate fertile fronds) - native to northern
North America
does not have separate fertile fronds) - native to northern
North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
More Ostrich Fern
Updated March 15 2014
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Matteuccia - also Pteretis
Species: Struthiopteris - also Pensylvanica
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - the ferile fronds survive the winter and produce
spores in early spring - native to northern North America
spores in early spring - native to northern North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
More Ostrich Fern
Updated March 15 2014
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Dennstaedtiaceae (Bracken Fern family)
Genus: Pteridium
Species: Aquilinum
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - also known as Bracken, Brake - native to North
America
America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
More Bracken Fern
Updated December 27 2011
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Polystichum
Species: Acrostichoides
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - sterile fronds (and sterile pinnae of fertile
fronds) are evergreen - native to eastern North America
fronds) are evergreen - native to eastern North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
More Christmas Fern
Updated March 2 2016
Family: Dryopteridaceae (Wood Fern family)
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Onocleaceae (Sensitve Fern family) - formerly Wood
Fern family (Dryopteridaceae)
Fern family (Dryopteridaceae)
Genus: Matteuccia - also Pteretis
Species: Struthiopteris - also Pensylvanica
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - the ferile fronds survive the winter and produce
spores in early spring - native to northern North America
spores in early spring - native to northern North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
More Ostrich Fern
Updated March 15 2014
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Athyrium
Species: Filix-femina (also Angustum)
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - native to North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
More Lady Fern
Updated December 21 2014
Family: Dryopteridaceae (Wood Fern family)
Ostrich Fern (sterile fronds) - sterile frond 0.5 to 1.5 m - fertile frond 30 to 70 cm - Lower Don Valley (Crother's Woods) - May 2010
Ostrich Fern (fertile fronds) - non-flowering - sterile frond 0.5 to 1.5 m - fertile frond 30 to 70 cm - Colonel Danforth Park - March 2010
Bracken Fern (sterile frond) - non-flowering - frond (sterile & fertile) to 90 cm - height to 1m - West Don Valley (Wilket Creek Park) - June 2011
Christmas Fern - non-flowering - fronds 30 to 80 cm - West Don Valley (Wilket Creek Park) - October 2010
Ostrich Fern fiddleheads (young fern shoots) - non-flowering - sterile frond 0.5 to 1.5 m - fertile frond 30 to 70 cm - Lower Don Valley (Crother's Woods) - April 2010
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Cystopteris
Species: Bulbifera
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - also known as Bulblet Bladder Fern - bulblet
sometimes forms at the base of a pinnule which drops to
the ground at maturity and grows into a new fern - native to
eastern North America
sometimes forms at the base of a pinnule which drops to
the ground at maturity and grows into a new fern - native to
eastern North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
Family: Dryopteridaceae (Wood Fern family)
Lady Fern - non-flowering - fronds 20 to 90 cm - Rouge Park - August 2014
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Gymnocarpium (Oak Ferns)
Species: Dryopteris
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - also known as Western or Northern Oak Fern -
native to North America
native to North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
Family: Dryopteridaceae (Wood Fern family)
More Bulblet Fern
Updated November 13 2015
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Dryopteris
Species: Cristata
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Phegopteris (Beech Ferns)
Species: Connectilis
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - also known as Long Beechfern - lowest pair of
pinnae angle downwards - native to northern North America
pinnae angle downwards - native to northern North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
Family: Thelypteridaceae (Beech or Marsh Fern family)
More Long Beech Fern
Updated November 20 2015
Family: Dryopteridaceae (Wood Fern family)
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Onoclea
Species: Sensibilis
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - also known as Bead Fern - sterile fronds are
sensitive to frost (ferile fronds survive the winter and
produce spores in early spring) - native to eastern North
America
sensitive to frost (ferile fronds survive the winter and
produce spores in early spring) - native to eastern North
America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
More Sensitive Fern
Updated December 27 2011
Family: Onocleaceae (Sensitve Fern family) - formerly
Dryopteridaceae (Wood Fern family)
Dryopteridaceae (Wood Fern family)
Sensitive Fern (sterile frond) - non-flowering - sterile frond 20 cm to 1 m - fertile frond 25 to 50 cm - Guildwood Park - August 2011
More Crested Fern
Updated November 24 2015
Perennial - also known as Crested Wood Fern - pinnae
oriented in horizontal position - lowest pair of pinnae
broadly triangular - lower pinnae widely spaced - native to
northern North America
oriented in horizontal position - lowest pair of pinnae
broadly triangular - lower pinnae widely spaced - native to
northern North America
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Osmundastrum
Species: Cinnamomeum
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - binomial name formerly Osmunda
cinnamomea - distinguished from Ostrich Fern (see above)
and Interrupted Fern by small, tan coloured, woolly tufts at
base of pinnae - native to eastern North America
cinnamomea - distinguished from Ostrich Fern (see above)
and Interrupted Fern by small, tan coloured, woolly tufts at
base of pinnae - native to eastern North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
Family: Osmundaceae (Royal Fern family)
More Cinnamon Fern
Updated November 18 2015
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Osmunda
Species: Regalis
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - also known as Regal Fern - native to eastern
North America
North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
Family: Osmundaceae (Royal Fern family)
More Royal Fern
Updated November 26 2015
Family: Onocleaceae (Sensitve Fern family) - formerly Wood
Fern family (Dryopteridaceae)
Fern family (Dryopteridaceae)
Family: Onocleaceae (Sensitve Fern family) - formerly Wood
Fern family (Dryopteridaceae)
Fern family (Dryopteridaceae)
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Dryopteris
Species: Marginalis
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - also known as Marginal Shield Fern - sori are
found along the outer margin on the underside of the
pinnules - native to North America
found along the outer margin on the underside of the
pinnules - native to North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
Family: Dryopteridaceae (Wood Fern family)
More Marginal Wood Fern
Updated April 1 2016
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Dryopteris
Species: Intermedia
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
Family: Dryopteridaceae (Wood Fern family)
More Intermediate Wood Fern
Updated November 28 2015
Bulblet Fern - non-flowering - fronds to 75 cm - Uxbridge - July 2015
Marginal Wood Fern - non-flowering - fronds to 1 m - Uxbridge - July 2015
Intermediate Wood Fern - non-flowering - fronds to 90 cm - Uxbridge - July 2015
Common Oak Fern - non-flowering - fronds to 40 cm - Uxbridge - July 2015
Crested Fern - non-flowering - fronds to 70 cm - Uxbridge - July 2015
Long Beech Fern - non-flowering - fronds to 40 cm - Uxbridge - July 2015
Cinnamon Fern - non-flowering - fronds 50 cm to 1.5 m - Uxbridge - July 2015
Royal Fern - non-flowering - fronds to 1 m - Uxbridge - July 2015
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Dryopteris
Species: Carthusiana (also Spinulosa)
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - also known as Toothed Wood Fern - sori are
found midway between the spine and the outer margin on
the underside of the pinnules - inner pinnules are usually
the longest - lower (basal) pinnae often slightly shorter than
adjacent ones - native to North America
found midway between the spine and the outer margin on
the underside of the pinnules - inner pinnules are usually
the longest - lower (basal) pinnae often slightly shorter than
adjacent ones - native to North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
Family: Dryopteridaceae (Wood Fern family)
More Spinulose Wood Fern
Updated December 17 2015
Spinulose Wood Fern - non-flowering - fronds to 75 cm - Rouge Park - August 2015
Perennial - also known as Evergreen Wood Fern, American
Shield Fern - sori are found midway (intermediate) between
the spine and the outer margin on the underside of the
pinnules - inner pinnules of lower (basal) pinnae are
shorter than adjacent ones - native to eastern North America
Shield Fern - sori are found midway (intermediate) between
the spine and the outer margin on the underside of the
pinnules - inner pinnules of lower (basal) pinnae are
shorter than adjacent ones - native to eastern North America
Order: Polypodiales
Genus: Adiantum
Species: Pedatum
Kingdom: Plantae
Class: Pteridopsida - also Filicopsida, Polypodiopsida
Perennial - native to eastern North America
Division: Pteriodophyta (Ferns) - also Filicophyta
Family: Pteridaceae (Maidenhair Fern family )
More Northern Maidenhair Fern
Updated January 31 2021
Northern Maidenhair Fern - non-flowering - fronds to 60 cm - York Regional Forest (Hollidge Tract) - June 2016